What are planar chromatography techniques and give two common examples?

What are planar chromatography techniques and give two common examples?

• A. Planar chromatography is a form of gas chromatography.
• B. Planar chromatography uses a long packed column for separation.
• C. Planar chromatography relies on gas phase and does not use a solid stationary phase.
• D. Planar chromatography is chromatography performed on a flat surface; examples include thin-layer chromatography and paper chromatography.

Answer: (D)

Planar chromatography separates mixtures on a flat surface where the stationary phase is a thin layer or layer of material on a plate or sheet, and the mobile phase moves across that surface carrying components at different speeds. This flat-surface setup distinguishes it from column chromatography, where the stationary phase is packed inside a tube and the solvent flows through the packed bed. Two common examples are thin-layer chromatography and paper chromatography. In thin-layer chromatography, a thin layer of adsorbent like silica gel or alumina is coated on a flat plate; a small sample is spotted near the bottom, the plate is developed in a solvent, and components separate as the solvent front moves up. In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is cellulose paper and the solvent travels through the paper by capillary action, separating components based on how they partition between the paper and the mobile phase.

Planar chromatography separates mixtures on a flat surface where the stationary phase is a thin layer or layer of material on a plate or sheet, and the mobile phase moves across that surface carrying components at different speeds. This flat-surface setup distinguishes it from column chromatography, where the stationary phase is packed inside a tube and the solvent flows through the packed bed.

Two common examples are thin-layer chromatography and paper chromatography. In thin-layer chromatography, a thin layer of adsorbent like silica gel or alumina is coated on a flat plate; a small sample is spotted near the bottom, the plate is developed in a solvent, and components separate as the solvent front moves up. In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is cellulose paper and the solvent travels through the paper by capillary action, separating components based on how they partition between the paper and the mobile phase.